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.S14 { margin: 10px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;  }
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.S16 { margin: 10px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;  }</style></head><body><div class = rtcContent><h1  class = 'S0' id = 'T_11CE06FE' ><span>Getting started</span></h1><div  class = 'S1'><div  class = 'S2'><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>Table of Contents</span></div><div  class = 'S3'><a href = "#H_36D11B0D"><span>Basics
</span></a><a href = "#H_B26329BC"><span>Getting to grips with gramm
</span></a><span>    </span><a href = "#H_9C25E84D"><span>Install
</span></a><span>    </span><a href = "#H_8AACDA2A"><span>A first plot
</span></a><span>    </span><a href = "#H_0E837E1B"><span>Adding layers of complexity
</span></a><span>        </span><a href = "#H_24C164A1"><span>Adding a color aesthetic
</span></a><span>        </span><a href = "#H_410187F7"><span>Adding statistical visualizations
</span></a><span>        </span><a href = "#H_0B4A3D5B"><span>Select a subset of data to plot
</span></a><span>        </span><a href = "#H_3B4B7A2F"><span>Using a variable to create subplots
</span></a><span>        </span><a href = "#H_523EBFC7"><span>Final plot : adding a title, fixing legends and exporting
</span></a><a href = "#H_AC1CE78E"><span>To conclude</span></a></div></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>This live script will demonstrate the basic use of gramm. To benefit from interactive elements, you should open it in MATLAB's editor with</span></div><div class = 'preformatted-matlab' style = 'margin: 10px 3px 10px 55px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 5px; '><div  class = 'S5'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >open </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">GettingStarted.mlx</span></span></div></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>if you want to see more specific and advanced live scripts, use the links below :</span></div><ul  class = 'S6' id = 'H_BA49E4BD' ><li  class = 'S7'><a href = "./Groups.html"><span>Grouped data</span></a><span> – An example to further explore grouped data that includes visualizations that could accompany an ANOVA.</span></li><li  class = 'S7'><a href = "./XY.html"><span>XY data</span></a><span> – An example to further explore X/Y  data, with regressions/fits as well as grouped 2D data</span></li><li  class = 'S7'><a href = "./TimeSeries.html"><span>Time series</span></a><span> – An example that showcases the use of gramm to explore repeated time series data</span></li><li  class = 'S7'><a href = "./OnlineTable.html"><span>Online Table</span></a><span> – An example showing how to use gramm along with MATLAB's table functions with an open dataset hosted on S3</span></li><li  class = 'S7'><a href = "./examples.html"><span>Further examples</span></a><span> – Many examples that demonstrate gramm's more advanced capabilities and customizations</span></li></ul><h2  class = 'S8' id = 'H_36D11B0D' ><span>Basics</span></h2><div  class = 'S4'><span>Gramm is a MATLAB toolbox that enables the rapid creation of complex, publication-quality figures. Its design philosophy focuses on a </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>declarative</span><span> approach, where users specify the desired end result, as opposed to the traditional </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>imperative*</span><span>method involving for loops, if/else statements, etc. If you haven't come across this particular set of ideas yet, it might seem a bit strange. But you will soon come to appreciate how powerful and versatile it can be for exploring data and quickly changing how things are presented.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>The MATLAB implementation of </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> is inspired by the </span><a href = "https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org"><span>ggplot2</span></a><span> library for R by Hadley Wickham. A similar library called </span><a href = "https://seaborn.pydata.org"><span>Seaborn</span></a><span> also exists for Python. For an  introduction to the general ideas, have a look at the paper </span><a href = "http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/layered-grammar.pdf"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>"A layered grammar of graphics (pdf)"</span></a><span> If you are really keen, you can also check out Leland Wilkinson's original book </span><a href = "https://www.cs.uic.edu/~wilkinson/TheGrammarOfGraphics/GOG.html"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>"The Grammar of Graphics"</span></a><span> that laid the foundation for much of this work.</span></div><h2  class = 'S8' id = 'H_B26329BC' ><span>Getting to grips with gramm</span></h2><h3  class = 'S9' id = 'H_9C25E84D' ><span>Install</span></h3><div  class = 'S4'><span>Gramm is easy to install from within MATLAB: Open the Add-ons explorer, search for "gramm" and click "Add"!</span></div><h3  class = 'S9' id = 'H_8AACDA2A' ><span>A first plot</span></h3><div  class = 'S4'><span>To start out, let's just build a simple scatter plot - but the gramm way. </span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>We start by loading the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>carbig </span><span>sample dataset, containing data about new car models between 1970 and 1980.</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >websave(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'example_data'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'https://github.com/piermorel/gramm/raw/master/sample_data/example_data.mat'</span><span >); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%Download data from repository</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >load </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">example_data</span><span >;</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >cars</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsVariableTableElement" uid="F4B3BF8C" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_0" tabindex="-1" style="width: calc(100% - 5px);"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="ClientDocument veSpecifier table constrictHeight" id="variableeditor_client_Document_0" widgetid="variableeditor_client_Document_0" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="variableeditor_views_SummaryBar_0"><div class="summaryBar" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Menlo, monospace;"><span>cars = </span><span style="color: rgb(179, 179, 179); font-style: normal;">406×11 table </span></div><div id="variableeditor_TableViewModel_0" widgetid="variableeditor_TableViewModel_0" class="table lightWeightView ClientViewDiv hasSummaryBar" data-viewid="__1" style="width: 100%; overflow: auto;"><table cellspacing="0" style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span></span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Model</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Origin</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>MPG</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Cylinders</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Displacement</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Horsepower</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Weight</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Acceleration</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Model_Year</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Origin_Region</span></th><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 191, 191); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>Manufacturer</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>1</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'chevroletchevellemalibu'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>18</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>307</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>130</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3504</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>12</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'chevrolet'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>2</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'buickskylark320'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>15</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>350</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>165</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3693</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>11.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'buick'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>3</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'plymouthsatellite'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>18</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>318</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>150</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3436</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>11</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'plymouth'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>4</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'amcrebelsst'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>16</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>304</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>150</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3433</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>12</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'amc'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>5</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'fordtorino'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>17</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>302</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>140</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3449</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>10.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'ford'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>6</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'fordgalaxie500'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>15</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>429</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>198</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4341</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>10</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'ford'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>7</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'chevroletimpala'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>14</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>454</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>220</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4354</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>9</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'chevrolet'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>8</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'plymouthfuryiii'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>14</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>440</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>215</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4312</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'plymouth'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>9</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'pontiaccatalina'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>14</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>455</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>225</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4425</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>10</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'pontiac'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>10</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'amcambassadordpl'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>15</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>390</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>190</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3850</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'amc'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>11</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'citroends-21pallas'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'France'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>NaN</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>133</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>115</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>3090</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>17.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'Europe'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'citroen'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>12</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'chevroletchevelleconcours(sw)'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>NaN</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>350</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>165</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4142</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>11.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'chevrolet'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>13</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'fordtorino(sw)'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>NaN</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>351</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>153</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4034</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>11</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'ford'</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 6px 3px 3px; width: 34px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;"><span>14</span></th><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 175px; min-width: 175px; max-width: 175px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'plymouthsatellite(sw)'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 82px; min-width: 82px; max-width: 82px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>NaN</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 110px; min-width: 110px; max-width: 110px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>8</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>383</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>175</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 86px; min-width: 86px; max-width: 86px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>4166</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>10.5000</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 118px; min-width: 118px; max-width: 118px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: right;"><span>70</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 142px; min-width: 142px; max-width: 142px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'USA'</span></td><td style="text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; padding: 3px; width: 134px; min-width: 134px; max-width: 134px; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); border-image: initial; text-align: left;"><span>'plymouth'</span></td></tr><tr><th>⋮</th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>The data are organised in a way that's  common: we have a table where columns are attributes of the cars (region of origin, cylinders, fuel economy, horsepower...) and each line is a new car model.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>One of the main ideas of the </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>grammar of graphics </span><span>is that every plot or visualisation is made up of many different elements that can be combined. The basic elements in this scheme are (1) </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>data</span><span>, (2) </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>aesthetics</span><span>, (3) </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>geometry </span><span>and (4)</span><span style=' font-style: italic;'> statistics</span><span>. The </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>data</span><span> refer the numbers/information you want to display. The </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>aesthetics</span><span> are the properties of the graph that you want to map these data to: this could be the x/y position of a point or line segment, the colour, line thickness, and so on. The </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>geometry</span><span> indicates whether you want to use points, lines, etc. And finally, </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>statistics </span><span>corresponds to statistical visualizations/summaries such as error bars, fits, etc.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>So let's apply these ideas here:</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>a. We create a </span><span style=' font-weight: bold; font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span style=' font-weight: bold;'> object and decide on how we want to map </span><span style=' font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;'>data</span><span style=' font-weight: bold;'> to </span><span style=' font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;'>aeshetics</span><span>. </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> is designed in an object-oriented way, so the next few lines might look odd - but the pattern will become familiar very quickly:</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S15'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g=gramm(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,cars.Model_Year,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,cars.MPG);</span></span></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>This means: create a </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> object which will be assiged to the variable </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>g</span><span>. The </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>cars.Model_Year</span><span>  column of data will be mapped to the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>x</span><span>-axis, the fuel economy in miles per gallon (</span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>cars.MPG</span><span>) to the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>y</span><span>-axis.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>When you execute this line of code, nothing appears to happen, but if you inspect the workspace, the variable `g` has been created.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>b. Now we add the </span><span style=' font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;'>geometry </span><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>we would like to display</span><span> by calling the method </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>geom_point()</span><span> on the object </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>g</span><span> since we want to create a scatter plot, which consists of...points.</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S15'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.geom_point();</span></span></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>A note here: </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>g.geom_point()</span><span> is equivalent to </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>geom_point(g)</span><span>,  but the dot notation makes it much more explicit that </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>geom_point()</span><span> is called on the object </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>g</span><span>. It's also more readable.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>c. As a final step, we actually need to also explicity call for the figure to be created and drawn.</span><span> For this we call </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>draw()</span><span> on the object </span><span style=' text-decoration: underline; font-family: monospace;'>g</span><span>. This may seem like a drag, but actually it's very useful because it will allow us to stack up calls and make more complicated figures later...</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >figure</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.draw();</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsFigure" uid="087DF811" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_1" tabindex="-1" style="width: 445px;"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="figureElement eoOutputContent" role="article" aria-roledescription="Use Browse Mode to explore " aria-description="figure output "><img class="figureImage figureContainingNode" src="" style="width: 560px;"></div></div></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>The plot we just produced shows that fuel economy increases with year of production but is not that informative since all vehicles are mixed together. Moreover we had to write three lines to get a figure that MATLAB could do in one line using </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>plot()! </span><span>Now we want to display more information in our figure, and this is where the </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>grammar of graphics</span><span> approach will shine.</span></div><h3  class = 'S9' id = 'H_0E837E1B' ><span>Adding layers of complexity</span></h3><h4  class = 'S16' id = 'H_24C164A1' ><span>Adding a color aesthetic</span></h4><div  class = 'S4'><span>Let's say that we want to compare the progression of fuel economy depending on the number of cylinders in the cars. We just need to map the </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>data</span><span> </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>cars.Cylinders</span><span>  to the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>color</span><span> </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>aesthetic</span><span> to get points colored depending of the number of cylinders of the car.</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >figure</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g=gramm(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,cars.Model_Year,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,cars.MPG,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'color'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%Added a color aesthetic</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.geom_point();</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.draw();</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsFigure" uid="537C4D67" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_2" tabindex="-1" style="width: 445px;"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="figureElement eoOutputContent" role="article" aria-roledescription="Use Browse Mode to explore " aria-description="figure output "><img class="figureImage figureContainingNode" src="" style="width: 560px;"></div></div></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>Notice how </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> automatically added the color legend on the right of the plot. This plot is so far equivalent to what could be generated with MATLAB's gscatter.</span></div><h4  class = 'S16' id = 'H_410187F7' ><span>Adding statistical visualizations</span></h4><div  class = 'S4'><span>The figure seems to confirm that cars with less cylinders are ahead in terms of fuel economy, but the discrete year data and superimposed points make it difficult to see those tendencies. We will solve that with two changes :</span></div><ul  class = 'S6'><li  class = 'S7'><span>We will overlay linear regressions lines in the plot with the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>stats_glm() </span><span>method. This is a </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>statistics </span><span>layer</span></li><li  class = 'S7'><span>We will tweak the display of points so that different cylinder counts are slightly shifted along the x-axis</span></li></ul><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >figure</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g=gramm(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,cars.Model_Year,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,cars.MPG,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'color'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders);</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.stat_glm(); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%Add linear regression lines</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.geom_point(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">"dodge"</span><span >,0.4); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%shift groups along the x-axis with the "dodge" argument</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.draw();</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsFigure" uid="7157FE14" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_3" tabindex="-1" style="width: 445px;"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="figureElement eoOutputContent" role="article" aria-roledescription="Use Browse Mode to explore " aria-description="figure output "><img class="figureImage figureContainingNode" src="" style="width: 560px;"></div></div></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>With this visualization we see that cars with three and five cylinders are quite rare and clutter our display, let's remove them.</span></div><h4  class = 'S16' id = 'H_0B4A3D5B' ><span>Select a subset of data to plot</span></h4><div  class = 'S4'><span>With gramm it's easy to plot only a subset of the data without having to apply a selection to each variable. This is done with the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>'subset'</span><span> option when creating the gramm objet, which receives a logical array similar to what one would use for logical indexing.</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >figure</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g=gramm(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,cars.Model_Year,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,cars.MPG,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'color'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders, </span><span style="color: rgb(14, 0, 255);">...</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >    </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'subset'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders~=3 &amp; cars.Cylinders~=5); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%Select cars that are not 3 or 5 cylinders;</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.stat_glm();</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.geom_point(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">"dodge"</span><span >,0.5); </span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.draw();</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsFigure" uid="4E017CD0" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_4" tabindex="-1" style="width: 445px;"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="figureElement eoOutputContent" role="article" aria-roledescription="Use Browse Mode to explore " aria-description="figure output "><img class="figureImage figureContainingNode" src="" style="width: 560px;"></div></div></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span>Now we are getting somewhere, and the figure is already quite complex with a minimal amount of code. In terms of our exploration of this dataset however, one could argue that this representation might be distorted because different countries favor different amount of cylinders and could have different fuel economy objectives. Let's try to take this in account.</span></div><h4  class = 'S16' id = 'H_3B4B7A2F' ><span>Using a variable to create subplots</span></h4><div  class = 'S4'><span>We could map the region of origin to another </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>aesthetic</span><span> like marker shape or point size, but these are not always easy to read. Here it's probably best to create subplots for each region. This is best done in </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> by calling the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>facet_grid()</span><span> method which receives as arguments the variables to map to subplot rows and to subplot columns.</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >figure(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'Position'</span><span >,[100 100 800 400]); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%We also make the figure a bit wider</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g=gramm(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,cars.Model_Year,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,cars.MPG,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'color'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders, </span><span style="color: rgb(14, 0, 255);">...</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >    </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'subset'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders~=3 &amp; cars.Cylinders~=5);</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%Here we want region of origin to determine subplot columns so the first argument (rows) is left empty</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.facet_grid([],cars.Origin_Region);</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.stat_glm();</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.geom_point(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">"dodge"</span><span >,0.4); </span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.draw();</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsFigure" uid="23D00329" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_5" tabindex="-1" style="width: 445px;"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="figureElement eoOutputContent" role="article" aria-roledescription="Use Browse Mode to explore " aria-description="figure output "><img class="figureImage figureContainingNode" src="" style="width: 800px;"></div></div></div></div></div><div  class = 'S14'><span></span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>Notice how all subplots share the same scale which allows easy comparison between subplots. </span></div><h4  class = 'S16' id = 'H_523EBFC7' ><span>Final plot : adding a title, fixing legends and exporting</span></h4><div  class = 'S4'><span>The only thing missing from our figure are proper legends and a title (notice that for now the axes are called x and y, cylinders Color and regions Column). So as a final tweak we provide </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> with the necessary information. We will also use the </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>export()</span><span> method to create a high-resolution file.</span></div><div class="CodeBlock"><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S10'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >figure(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'Position'</span><span >,[100 100 800 400]); </span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g=gramm(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,cars.Model_Year,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,cars.MPG,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'color'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders,</span><span style="color: rgb(14, 0, 255);">...</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >    </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'subset'</span><span >,cars.Cylinders~=3 &amp; cars.Cylinders~=5);</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.facet_grid([],cars.Origin_Region);</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.stat_glm();</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.geom_point(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">"dodge"</span><span >,0.5); </span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.set_names(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'column'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'Origin'</span><span >, </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'x'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'Year of production'</span><span >, </span><span style="color: rgb(14, 0, 255);">...</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);"> %With set_names() we simply indicate how each aesthetic should be called</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >    </span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'y'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'Fuel economy (MPG)'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'color'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'# Cylinders'</span><span >);</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.set_title(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'Fuel economy of new cars between 1970 and 1982'</span><span >); </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">% With set_title() we provide a big title to the figure</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.draw();</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'>&nbsp;</div></div><div class="inlineWrapper"><div  class = 'S11'><span style="white-space: pre"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 19);">%Export</span></span></div></div><div class="inlineWrapper outputs"><div  class = 'S12'><span style="white-space: pre"><span >g.export(</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'file_name'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'gettingstarted_export'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'file_type'</span><span >,</span><span style="color: rgb(167, 9, 245);">'png'</span><span >);</span></span></div><div  class = 'S13'><div class="inlineElement eoOutputWrapper disableDefaultGestureHandling embeddedOutputsFigure" uid="B39A2D66" prevent-scroll="true" data-testid="output_6" tabindex="-1" style="width: 445px;"><div class="outputLayer selectedOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer activeOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer scrollableOutputDecorationLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="outputLayer navigationFocusLayer doNotExport" aria-hidden="false" role="application" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="figureElement eoOutputContent" role="article" aria-roledescription="Use Browse Mode to explore " aria-description="figure output "><img class="figureImage figureContainingNode" src="" style="width: 800px;"></div></div></div></div></div><h2  class = 'S8' id = 'H_AC1CE78E' ><span>To conclude</span></h2><div  class = 'S4'><span>With </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> we have created a complex figure with only seven lines of code, each of those lines being quite explicit and easy to understand. We also see that changing how the figure is organized would be very easy.  We could for example swap subplot columns for cylinders and colors for region of origin to better see the worse fuel economy for US cars for similar cylinder counts. Comparatively, creating such a plot with base MATLAB plotting functions would likely require two for loops, three times as many lines of code and would require much rewriting to implement changes.</span></div><div  class = 'S4'><span>With this example we only scratched the surface of what is possible with </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span>, as there are many more geometries and statistical visualizations available, as well as other types of data that can be plotted (categorical data, time series, 3D data). Moreover </span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>gramm</span><span> offers many ways to tweak its graphics with built-in options as well as through direct access to the graphical elements </span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>a posteriori</span><span>. These possibilities are detailed in other live scripts and in the examples file.</span></div>
<br>
<!-- 
##### SOURCE BEGIN #####
%% Getting started
%% 
% This live script will demonstrate the basic use of gramm. To benefit from 
% interactive elements, you should open it in MATLAB's editor with
%%
% 
%   open GettingStarted.mlx
%
%% 
% if you want to see more specific and advanced live scripts, use the links 
% below :
%% 
% * <./Groups.mlx Grouped data> – An example to further explore grouped data 
% that includes visualizations that could accompany an ANOVA.
% * <./XY.mlx XY data> – An example to further explore X/Y  data, with regressions/fits 
% as well as grouped 2D data
% * <./TimeSeries.mlx Time series> – An example that showcases the use of gramm 
% to explore repeated time series data
% * <./OnlineTable.mlx Online Table> – An example showing how to use gramm along 
% with MATLAB's table functions with an open dataset hosted on S3
% * <./examples.mlx Further examples> – Many examples that demonstrate gramm's 
% more advanced capabilities and customizations
%% Basics
% Gramm is a MATLAB toolbox that enables the rapid creation of complex, publication-quality 
% figures. Its design philosophy focuses on a _declarative_ approach, where users 
% specify the desired end result, as opposed to the traditional _imperative*_method 
% involving for loops, if/else statements, etc. If you haven't come across this 
% particular set of ideas yet, it might seem a bit strange. But you will soon 
% come to appreciate how powerful and versatile it can be for exploring data and 
% quickly changing how things are presented.
% 
% The MATLAB implementation of |gramm| is inspired by the <https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org 
% ggplot2> library for R by Hadley Wickham. A similar library called <https://seaborn.pydata.org 
% Seaborn> also exists for Python. For an  introduction to the general ideas, 
% have a look at the paper <http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/layered-grammar.pdf "A 
% layered grammar of graphics (pdf)"> If you are really keen, you can also check 
% out Leland Wilkinson's original book <https://www.cs.uic.edu/~wilkinson/TheGrammarOfGraphics/GOG.html 
% "The Grammar of Graphics"> that laid the foundation for much of this work.
%% Getting to grips with gramm
% Install
% Gramm is easy to install from within MATLAB: Open the Add-ons explorer, search 
% for "gramm" and click "Add"!
% A first plot
% To start out, let's just build a simple scatter plot - but the gramm way. 
% 
% We start by loading the |carbig| sample dataset, containing data about new 
% car models between 1970 and 1980.

websave('example_data','https://github.com/piermorel/gramm/raw/master/sample_data/example_data.mat'); %Download data from repository
load example_data;
cars
%% 
% The data are organised in a way that's  common: we have a table where columns 
% are attributes of the cars (region of origin, cylinders, fuel economy, horsepower...) 
% and each line is a new car model.
% 
% One of the main ideas of the _grammar of graphics_ is that every plot or visualisation 
% is made up of many different elements that can be combined. The basic elements 
% in this scheme are (1) _data_, (2) _aesthetics_, (3) _geometry_ and (4) _statistics_. 
% The _data_ refer the numbers/information you want to display. The _aesthetics_ 
% are the properties of the graph that you want to map these data to: this could 
% be the x/y position of a point or line segment, the colour, line thickness, 
% and so on. The _geometry_ indicates whether you want to use points, lines, etc. 
% And finally, _statistics_ corresponds to statistical visualizations/summaries 
% such as error bars, fits, etc.
% 
% So let's apply these ideas here:
% 
% *a. We create a |gramm| object and decide on how we want to map _data_ to 
% _aeshetics*_. |gramm| is designed in an object-oriented way, so the next few 
% lines might look odd - but the pattern will become familiar very quickly:

g=gramm('x',cars.Model_Year,'y',cars.MPG);
%% 
% This means: create a |gramm| object which will be assiged to the variable 
% |g|. The |cars.Model_Year|  column of data will be mapped to the |x|-axis, the 
% fuel economy in miles per gallon (|cars.MPG|) to the |y|-axis.
% 
% When you execute this line of code, nothing appears to happen, but if you 
% inspect the workspace, the variable `g` has been created.
% 
% *b. Now we add the _geometry_ we would like to display* by calling the method 
% |geom_point()| on the object |g| since we want to create a scatter plot, which 
% consists of...points.

g.geom_point();
%% 
% A note here: |g.geom_point()| is equivalent to |geom_point(g)|,  but the dot 
% notation makes it much more explicit that |geom_point()| is called on the object 
% |g|. It's also more readable.
% 
% *c. As a final step, we actually need to also explicity call for the figure 
% to be created and drawn.* For this we call |draw()| on the object |g|. This 
% may seem like a drag, but actually it's very useful because it will allow us 
% to stack up calls and make more complicated figures later...

figure
g.draw();
%% 
% The plot we just produced shows that fuel economy increases with year of production 
% but is not that informative since all vehicles are mixed together. Moreover 
% we had to write three lines to get a figure that MATLAB could do in one line 
% using |plot()!| Now we want to display more information in our figure, and this 
% is where the _grammar of graphics_ approach will shine.
% Adding layers of complexity
% Adding a color aesthetic
% Let's say that we want to compare the progression of fuel economy depending 
% on the number of cylinders in the cars. We just need to map the _data_ |cars.Cylinders|  
% to the |color| _aesthetic_ to get points colored depending of the number of 
% cylinders of the car.

figure
g=gramm('x',cars.Model_Year,'y',cars.MPG,'color',cars.Cylinders); %Added a color aesthetic
g.geom_point();
g.draw();
%% 
% Notice how |gramm| automatically added the color legend on the right of the 
% plot. This plot is so far equivalent to what could be generated with MATLAB's 
% gscatter.
% Adding statistical visualizations
% The figure seems to confirm that cars with less cylinders are ahead in terms 
% of fuel economy, but the discrete year data and superimposed points make it 
% difficult to see those tendencies. We will solve that with two changes :
%% 
% * We will overlay linear regressions lines in the plot with the |stats_glm()| 
% method. This is a _statistics_ layer
% * We will tweak the display of points so that different cylinder counts are 
% slightly shifted along the x-axis

figure
g=gramm('x',cars.Model_Year,'y',cars.MPG,'color',cars.Cylinders);
g.stat_glm(); %Add linear regression lines
g.geom_point("dodge",0.4); %shift groups along the x-axis with the "dodge" argument
g.draw();
%% 
% With this visualization we see that cars with three and five cylinders are 
% quite rare and clutter our display, let's remove them.
% Select a subset of data to plot
% With gramm it's easy to plot only a subset of the data without having to apply 
% a selection to each variable. This is done with the |'subset'| option when creating 
% the gramm objet, which receives a logical array similar to what one would use 
% for logical indexing.

figure
g=gramm('x',cars.Model_Year,'y',cars.MPG,'color',cars.Cylinders, ...
    'subset',cars.Cylinders~=3 & cars.Cylinders~=5); %Select cars that are not 3 or 5 cylinders;
g.stat_glm();
g.geom_point("dodge",0.5); 
g.draw();
%% 
% Now we are getting somewhere, and the figure is already quite complex with 
% a minimal amount of code. In terms of our exploration of this dataset however, 
% one could argue that this representation might be distorted because different 
% countries favor different amount of cylinders and could have different fuel 
% economy objectives. Let's try to take this in account.
% Using a variable to create subplots
% We could map the region of origin to another _aesthetic_ like marker shape 
% or point size, but these are not always easy to read. Here it's probably best 
% to create subplots for each region. This is best done in |gramm| by calling 
% the |facet_grid()| method which receives as arguments the variables to map to 
% subplot rows and to subplot columns.

figure('Position',[100 100 800 400]); %We also make the figure a bit wider
g=gramm('x',cars.Model_Year,'y',cars.MPG,'color',cars.Cylinders, ...
    'subset',cars.Cylinders~=3 & cars.Cylinders~=5);
%Here we want region of origin to determine subplot columns so the first argument (rows) is left empty
g.facet_grid([],cars.Origin_Region);
g.stat_glm();
g.geom_point("dodge",0.4); 
g.draw();
%% 
% 
% 
% Notice how all subplots share the same scale which allows easy comparison 
% between subplots. 
% Final plot : adding a title, fixing legends and exporting
% The only thing missing from our figure are proper legends and a title (notice 
% that for now the axes are called x and y, cylinders Color and regions Column). 
% So as a final tweak we provide |gramm| with the necessary information. We will 
% also use the |export()| method to create a high-resolution file.

figure('Position',[100 100 800 400]); 
g=gramm('x',cars.Model_Year,'y',cars.MPG,'color',cars.Cylinders,...
    'subset',cars.Cylinders~=3 & cars.Cylinders~=5);
g.facet_grid([],cars.Origin_Region);
g.stat_glm();
g.geom_point("dodge",0.5); 
g.set_names('column','Origin', 'x','Year of production', ... %With set_names() we simply indicate how each aesthetic should be called
    'y','Fuel economy (MPG)','color','# Cylinders');
g.set_title('Fuel economy of new cars between 1970 and 1982'); % With set_title() we provide a big title to the figure
g.draw();

%Export
g.export('file_name','gettingstarted_export','file_type','png');
%% To conclude
% With |gramm| we have created a complex figure with only seven lines of code, 
% each of those lines being quite explicit and easy to understand. We also see 
% that changing how the figure is organized would be very easy.  We could for 
% example swap subplot columns for cylinders and colors for region of origin to 
% better see the worse fuel economy for US cars for similar cylinder counts. Comparatively, 
% creating such a plot with base MATLAB plotting functions would likely require 
% two for loops, three times as many lines of code and would require much rewriting 
% to implement changes.
% 
% With this example we only scratched the surface of what is possible with |gramm|, 
% as there are many more geometries and statistical visualizations available, 
% as well as other types of data that can be plotted (categorical data, time series, 
% 3D data). Moreover |gramm| offers many ways to tweak its graphics with built-in 
% options as well as through direct access to the graphical elements _a posteriori_. 
% These possibilities are detailed in other live scripts and in the examples file.
##### SOURCE END #####
-->
</div></body></html>